The Inner Life of the Cell: Biovisions Video/Explanations

[barbara]

it looks like a little man walking along with big feet. What is that?

[BioWizard]

it looks like a little man walking along with big feet. What is that?

That's kinesin.

[BorisOfTerreHaute]

I'm still Wonder-struck! :-) Shiver...

[sikandarkan]

I think it's actually a neat idea and was thinking of working on mine,

[BioWizard]

I think it's actually a neat idea and was thinking of working on mine,

You mean make a similar video?

By the way, BioVisions has made others: http://multimedia.mcb.harvard.edu/

[BioWizard]

I think it's actually a neat idea and was thinking of working on mine,

You mean make a similar video?

By the way, BioVisions has made others: http://multimedia.mcb.harvard.edu/

And the synopsis for it can now be found here: The Mitochondria: 2nd BioVisions Video with Explanation

[Jägerbombastic]

good stuff, i learned alot more about biology. :)

[Biosapien]

Nice video, one thing I would like to clarify is about the membrane fluidity during the leukocyte extravasation process?

[Event Horizon]

Outstanding stuff. Beautiful. I trained as a microbiologist. For me, one of the most fascinating organelles is something called the Golgi body. It's a bit like the cells' transport hub and post-office.
It encapsulates RNA I think that has been encoded by ribosomes, proteins, encapsulates it in a lipid capsule and sends it off to its destination.
I may have got some details wrong, but it's been a long long time since I was at Uni. but the principle is correct I think.
I never did work out how these tiny lipid capsules got to the right place.
The inner workings of a cell operate like a small city, it's like another world.

[Biosapien]

If we imagine ourselves as an earth and microbes or our own body cells as human then it will be easy for us to understand that there is no discriminations in the process (physiology) between the external and internal milieu.

[doogles]

Biosapien, like everyone else who has seen that presentation, I found it quite interesting.

I'm curious as to whether you have an opinion on whether that process is the one that occurs in monocytes that stick to arterial endothelium as the first stage of development of atheromas. I'll describe the process.

As far back as 1981, Gerrity published the results of experimental reproduction of atheromatosis in pigs here --https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1903817/pdf/amjpathol00218-0023.pdf. The author mentioned a previous experiment in which he and his colleagues fed an atherogenic (causing atheromas to form) diet to pigs (lard and cholesterol) and demonstrated that atheroma development was preceded by white blood cells of the type called a monocyte, penetrating the layer of cells that line the aorta. In this experiment, they found these monocytes in various locations of the endothelial lining layer of arteries --1) sticking to the surface of the cells lining the arteries, as well as 2) in the junction between the cells that line arteries, and also 3) inside the inner wall of the arteries. In addition, the examination suggested that the monocytes were differentiating (changing) into macrophages (cells that gobble up debris) before becoming foam cells. Ferritin was injected into the arteries and found to be taken up by those monocytes that had penetrated between the cells lining the arteries. This indicates that the monocytes were becoming scavengers of debris even before they had changed into macrophages.

Bobryshev (2006; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... 2805001642) gave a more up-to-date review. He affirmed that monocytes migrate into the tissue under the cells lining arteries (endothelium), differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells before differentiating again into foam cells. The author went on to claim that these cells aggregate to form a core that consists of a necrotic plaques, lipids, cholesterol crystals and cell debris. Bobryshev also mentioned the presence of a number of chemicals associated with inflammation in these atheromatous lesions. Inflammation accompanies atheroma formation.

I've inserted a diagram of my simplistic interpretation of the process at the end of this thread.

Apparently Activated Protein C (a Vitamin K-dependent Protein) has the capacity to neutralise these vascular adhesion molecules -- Activated Protein C (APC) and Protein S have been shown to also play a role in the health and permeability of vascular endothelium. Wikipedia has an excellent review of the role of Protein C on this website - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_C ... seegers-10 . This Wikipedia review describes how APC has anti-inflammatory effects on endothelial cells and leukocytes. APC protects endothelial cells by inhibiting inflammatory mediator release and by down-regulating vascular adhesion molecules. This tends to negate the initial process of monocytes sticking to the endothelial cells, and infiltrating into, while also limiting damage to, underlying tissue. APC supports endothelial barrier function and reduces the effects of the chemicals that attract monocytes into the tissues under the endothelium. In effect, it negates every untoward biochemical process involved in the formation of atheromas.

I would appreciate your comments.

[Biosapien]

Hi doogles,

From the picture which you have attached I can understand you are talking about the process of various steps involved in the process of Phagocytosis.
1) Cell Rolling
2) Cell Adhesion - ligand/surface receptor binding
3) Diapedesis - Response to chemokine / chemotaxis (cell signaling molecules)
4) Transformation / Cell differentiation (hope your aware of totipotency)
5) Phagocytosis (cell mediated - Antigen presenting cells, opsonization - Antibody mediated)
6) Destruction process may be of oxygen dependent or oxygen independent followed by inflammation (IL-6,IL-1,TNF-alpha and so on)
7) Activated protein C ( generally circulate in blood in an inactive form but activated by binding to thrombin and participate in blood coagulation and inflammatory process).


My question to you is simple, from the above listed process, which one is of your interest for our discussion and on what aspect you want me to talk about i.e., pre-inflammation, inflammation, post-inflammation or anti-inflammation. Happy to talk about this more with your specific queries. Have a great day.